Har English sentence ek fixed order mein bana hota hai — Subject + Verb + Object. Yeh samajhna bahut zaroori hai kyunki iske bina sahi sentence banana mushkil hota hai. Is post mein hum Subject aur Object (Karta aur Karm) ko Hindi mein aasan examples ke saath seekhenge.
Subject (Karta) kya hota hai
Subject wo hota hai jo sentence mein kaam karta hai — yaani jo Verb (action) perform karta hai.
Example: Ram plays cricket. (Yahan "Ram" Subject hai, kyunki woh khel raha hai.)
Object (Karm) kya hota hai
Object wo hota hai jispar Subject ka kaam hota hai — yaani jispar action ka asar padta hai.
Example: Ram plays cricket. (Yahan "cricket" Object hai, kyunki khela usi par ja raha hai.)
Sentence ka Basic Structure
Subject + Verb + Object (SVO Order)
She reads books. (She = Subject, reads = Verb, books = Object)
He eats mangoes. (He = Subject, eats = Verb, mangoes = Object)
I love my country. (I = Subject, love = Verb, my country = Object)
Subject Kaise Pehchanein
Sentence mein "Kaun kaam kar raha hai?" poochkar Subject pata chalta hai.
Example: "Ram plays cricket" — poochho "Kaun khel raha hai?" — Jawaab: "Ram" — yahi Subject hai.
Object Kaise Pehchanein
Sentence mein "Kis par kaam ho raha hai?" ya "Kya?" poochkar Object pata chalta hai.
Example: "Ram plays cricket" — poochho "Ram kya khel raha hai?" — Jawaab: "cricket" — yahi Object hai.
Direct Object aur Indirect Object (thoda advanced)
Kuch sentences mein 2 Objects hote hain:
Direct Object — jispar seedha action hota hai.
Indirect Object — jise action ka fayda milta hai (aam taur par vyakti).
Example: I gave him a book.
"a book" = Direct Object (jo diya gaya)
"him" = Indirect Object (jisko diya gaya)
Common Mistakes
Galat: Cricket plays Ram. (Subject-Object ka order galat)
Sahi: Ram plays cricket. (Subject pehle, phir Verb, phir Object)
Galat: She love cricket. (Subject ke hisaab se Verb na badalna)
Sahi: She loves cricket. (Third Person Singular Subject ke saath Verb mein "s" lagta hai)
Question Answer
Q1. Subject kise kehte hain?
Ans. Subject wo hota hai jo sentence mein kaam karta hai (action perform karta hai) — jaise "Ram plays cricket" mein "Ram" Subject hai.
Q2. Object kise kehte hain?
Ans. Object wo hota hai jispar Subject ka kaam hota hai — jaise "Ram plays cricket" mein "cricket" Object hai.
Q3. Subject aur Object ko pehchanne ka aasan tarika kya hai?
Ans. Subject pata karne ke liye "Kaun?" poochho, Object pata karne ke liye "Kya?" ya "Kispar?" poochho.
Q4. Direct Object aur Indirect Object mein kya farak hai?
Ans. Direct Object woh hai jispar seedha action hota hai (jaise "a book"), aur Indirect Object woh hai jise us action ka fayda milta hai (jaise "him") — "I gave him a book" mein dono hain.
Word Meaning
| Word | Meaning (Hindi) |
|---|---|
| Subject | Karta |
| Object | Karm |
| Direct Object | Pratyaksh Karm |
| Indirect Object | Aprataksh Karm |
| Action | Kriya/Kaam |
Hindi Translation (Examples ka)
1. Ram plays cricket. -> Ram cricket khelta hai.
2. She reads books. -> Woh kitabein padhti hai.
3. I love my country. -> Main apne desh se pyar karta hoon.
4. I gave him a book. -> Maine usse ek kitab di.
5. He eats mangoes. -> Woh aam khaata hai.
Exercise (Practice ke liye)
Sentence mein Subject aur Object pehchano:
1. Sita reads a novel.
2. The dog chased the cat.
3. My mother cooks food.
4. I like ice cream.
5. Teacher teaches students.
Answers:
1. Subject: Sita, Object: a novel
2. Subject: The dog, Object: the cat
3. Subject: My mother, Object: food
4. Subject: I, Object: ice cream
5. Subject: Teacher, Object: students
Sentence banane ke basic rules poori practice ke saath seekhna hai?
Hamara English Grammar + Spoken English Mastery Course lein, jisme Subject-Object, Parts of Speech aur baaki sabhi grammar topics detail mein cover kiya gaya hai.
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