The Proposal Class 10 English First Flight ka Chapter 9 hai — ek one-act farce/play written by Russian writer aur dramatist Anton Chekhov। इस post में The Proposal Question Answer ke sabhi answers Class 10 students ke liye simple English mein diye gaye hain।
Before You Read
1. The word 'proposal' has several meanings. Can you guess what sort of proposal the play is about?
(i) a suggestion, plan or scheme for doing something
(ii) an offer for a possible plan or action
(iii) the act of asking someone's hand in marriage
Answer: The play is about the act of asking someone's hand in marriage.
2. Do you think Indian and Russian weddings have any customs in common?
| Customs similar to Indian ones | Customs different from Indian ones |
|---|---|
| Marriage registration | Wedding procession of several cars |
| Reception with family and guests | The groom answers questions to move upstairs |
| Friends and relatives participate | The bride may be "stolen" and the groom has to pay a fee |
The Russian wedding information in the book describes registration, reception, wedding processions and other customs.
Thinking about the Text
1. What does Chubukov at first suspect that Lomov has come for? Is he sincere when he later says "And I've always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son"?
Answer: At first, Chubukov suspects that Lomov has come to borrow money. Later, when he learns that Lomov has come to ask for Natalya's hand in marriage, he becomes very happy and says that he has always loved Lomov like his own son. However, his words do not seem completely sincere because he later quarrels with Lomov and insults him.
2. Chubukov says of Natalya: "... as if she won't consent! She's in love; egad, she's like a lovesick cat…" Would you agree?
Answer: Yes, to some extent. Natalya is interested in Lomov and becomes upset when she learns that he had come to propose to her. When Chubukov tells her about the proposal, she immediately asks why he had not told her earlier. This shows that she wanted Lomov to marry her.
3. (i) Find all the words and expressions in the play that the characters use to speak about each other, and the accusations and insults they hurl at each other.
Answer:
- Lomov about Natalya: excellent housekeeper, not bad-looking, well-educated.
- Chubukov about Lomov: pettifogger, malicious, double-faced intriguer, rascal, villain, scarecrow, monster.
- Lomov about Chubukov: intriguer, old rat, Jesuit, fool.
- Chubukov about Lomov: boy, pup, milksop, fool.
- Natalya about Lomov: rascal, monster, scarecrow and other insulting expressions.
The play repeatedly shows the three characters quarrelling and insulting one another.
3. (ii) Think of five adjectives or adjectival expressions of your own to describe each character in the play.
Answer:
Lomov: nervous, quarrelsome, argumentative, emotional, stubborn.
Natalya: stubborn, quarrelsome, argumentative, possessive, strong-willed.
Chubukov: quarrelsome, argumentative, short-tempered, emotional, practical.
3. (iii) Can you now imagine what these characters will quarrel about next?
Answer: They may quarrel about another small issue such as property, animals, hunting or some other matter related to their families.
Thinking about Language
I. Expressions and ways of speaking
1. Are there any expressions or ways of speaking that strike you as more Russian than English?
Answer: Yes. Some expressions sound old-fashioned or more Russian in style, such as "my darling", "my treasure", "honoured Natalya Stepanovna", "my angel" and "By Jove!" These expressions are less common in contemporary everyday English.
2. Look up the following words in a dictionary and find out how to pronounce them.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| palpitations | rapid or irregular heartbeats |
| interfere | to get involved in something in a way that causes problems |
| implore | to request earnestly |
| thoroughbred | a purebred animal |
| pedigree | a record of an animal's ancestry |
| principle | a basic rule or belief |
| evidence | facts showing that something is true |
| misfortune | bad luck |
| malicious | intending to harm |
| embezzlement | dishonest use of money entrusted to someone |
| architect | a person who designs buildings |
| neighbours | people living nearby |
| accustomed | familiar with something |
| temporary | lasting for a limited time |
| behaviour | the way a person acts |
| documents | written or printed records |
These are the words listed in the chapter's exercise.
3. Look up the following phrases and use each in a sentence of your own.
(i) You may take it that — Meaning: You may assume or understand that something is true. Sentence: You may take it that I will complete the work tomorrow.
(ii) He seems to be coming round — Meaning: He seems to be recovering consciousness or changing his opinion. Sentence: After some rest, he seems to be coming round.
(iii) My foot's gone to sleep — Meaning: My foot has become temporarily numb. Sentence: I sat in the same position for a long time, and my foot's gone to sleep.
II. Reported Speech
1. To report a question, we use the reporting verb ______.
Answer: asked
2. To report a statement, we use the reporting verb ______.
Answer: said
3. The adverb of place here changes to ______.
Answer: there
4. When the verb in direct speech is in the present tense, the verb in reported speech is in the ______ tense.
Answer: past
5. If the verb in direct speech is in the present continuous tense, the verb in reported speech changes to ______ tense.
Answer: past continuous
6. When the sentence in direct speech contains a word denoting respect, we add the adverb ______ in the reporting clause.
Answer: respectfully
7. The pronouns I, me, our and mine change according to the subject or object of the reporting verb.
Answer: They change according to the subject or object of the reporting verb.
III. Rewrite the following article in reported speech
Answer:
A. K. Hangal, one of Hindi cinema's most famous character actors, laughs and asks why people want to know his age. He says that if people know he is so old, he will not get work. For his age, he is rather energetic.
We ask him what the secret is. He replies that his intake of everything is in small quantities and that he walks a lot. He says that he joined the industry when people retire and that he was in his forties. He adds that he does not miss being called a star.
He says that he is still respected and given work while actors of his age are living in poverty and without work. He says that he does not have any complaints, but admits that he has always been underpaid. Hangal says that he is content today but that money is important. He regrets that he was a fool not to understand the value of money earlier.
Writing
1. Anger Management
Can you think of three ill effects that result from anger? Suggest ways to avoid losing your temper. Are there any benefits from anger?
Answer:
Three ill effects of anger:
- It can damage relationships.
- It can make a person say or do things that he may regret later.
- It can disturb peace of mind.
Ways to avoid losing temper:
- Stay calm and take a few deep breaths.
- Think before speaking.
- Leave the situation for some time if necessary.
- Try to understand the other person's point of view.
Anger can sometimes make a person aware that something is wrong and encourage action to solve a problem.
2. Script based on an excerpt from The Home and the World by Rabindranath Tagore
Character 1: We must think carefully before taking such a decision.
Character 2: But we cannot remain silent forever.
Character 1: I understand your feelings, but we should not act in anger.
Character 2: Then tell me what you think we should do.
Character 1: Let us discuss the matter calmly and find a peaceful solution.
Word Meaning
| English Word | Hindi Meaning |
|---|---|
| proposal | विवाह का प्रस्ताव |
| farce | हास्य नाटक |
| wealthy | धनी |
| tendency | प्रवृत्ति |
| estates | संपत्तियाँ |
| quarrelsome | झगड़ालू |
| petty | छोटी-मोटी |
| consent | सहमति / अनुमति |
| honour | सम्मान |
| palpitations | दिल की तेज धड़कन |
| interfere | हस्तक्षेप करना |
| implore | विनती करना |
| thoroughbred | शुद्ध नस्ल का |
| pedigree | वंशावली |
| principle | सिद्धांत |
| evidence | प्रमाण |
| misfortune | दुर्भाग्य |
| malicious | द्वेषपूर्ण |
| embezzlement | गबन |
| accustomed | अभ्यस्त |
| temporary | अस्थायी |
| behaviour | व्यवहार |
| documents | दस्तावेज़ |
| intriguer | षड्यंत्रकारी |
| pettifogger | छोटी बातों पर बहस करने वाला व्यक्ति |
| lovesick | प्रेम में व्याकुल |
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